ADHD UK Medication
ADHD medications are controlled drugs and are prescribed by a specialist clinician. They are referred to as stimulants and include the family of methylphenidates (Ritalin, Concerta etc), the amphetamine salts and atomoxetine.
Other non-medical treatments, such as talking therapy is also recommended. The use of medication can ease symptoms, but they do not alter longstanding negative coping mechanisms.
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate is the most well-known ADHD drug prescribed in the UK is also used to treat narcolepsy as well as other psychiatric disorders. It is also used to treat narcolepsy and several other psychiatric conditions. It comes in both immediate-release tablets and extended-release capsules. Extended-release tablets take longer to dissolve and delivers long-lasting effects. It is usually prescribed for a short period of time and the exact dosage is determined by the individual's symptoms.
In general, stimulant medications stimulate the brain regions that regulate attention and behavior. They are sometimes referred to as "cognitive enhancements" and help people pay attention, stay focused and stay focused. Methylphenidate increases activity in the regions of the brain that are not active when people suffer from ADHD. It also functions as a central nervous system stimulant that can improve the way that your body uses energy. It is sold under the brand name Ritalin.
A recent study found that the number of prescriptions for methylphenidate has increased by eightfold in the UK over the past two decades. This is a major health risk for the public and suggests that there may be overdiagnosis of ADHD in the UK. Researchers examined the data from the Clinical Practice Research Database, which includes information on all NHS patients registered in England with a GP between 1992 and 2013. The study focused on the use of drugs that are classified as CNS stimulants and approved for ADHD in the British National Formulary. This includes methylphenidate (methylphenidate immediate-release and methylphenidate with extended release) as well as atomoxetine, dexamphetamine (and its derivative lisdexamfetamine) and modafinil. Pemoline is no longer licensed in the UK due to liver toxicity and therefore was excluded from the study.
The researchers discovered that methylphenidate was the most common drug prescribed in children aged 5 and under, with nearly a quarter of children being prescribed it. This is in spite of the fact that National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines suggest that the medication be offered as the first line treatment for children who have severe symptoms of ADHD. Alternatively, they recommend that parents consider psychological interventions instead.
The results suggest that the rise in prescriptions for methylphenidate is partly down to the availability of mental health services but it could also be due to the growing recognition of ADHD among young people and the increasing desire to seek diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, there are likely to be instances of improper prescribing methylphenidate to adolescents and young adults.
Atomoxetine
Atomoxetine, a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibit (SNRI), is used to treat ADHD among children and adolescents. It is also used to treat anxiety-related symptoms that are comorbid. It is not a stimulant and has a low abuse potential. It has been proven to be effective in clinical studies and is a viable option for children who haven't responded to stimulants. The long-term safety of this product is not known.
Atomoxetine differs than other ADHD medications for ADHD. It increases the level of a chemical within the brain that is known as noradrenaline. This chemical is responsible for transmitting messages between nerve cells and increasing its levels can enhance concentration and aid in controlling impulses. It comes in a capsule and is taken a single each day. It is typically taken in conjunction with other treatments such as psychological therapy and educational support.
In one study, atomoxetine proved to be more effective than placebo in improving ADHD symptoms. This drug is also well-tolerated and has less risk of adverse negative effects than stimulants, specifically for children. In addition, a recent cost-effectiveness analysis showed that treatment algorithms that included the initial use of atomoxetine were less expensive than those that used dexamfetamine or methylphenidate.
This medication can cause serious side effects like suicidal thoughts. Consult your physician immediately if you child exhibits these symptoms. Additionally, atomoxetine may interact with certain medicines like monoamine oxidase inhibiters (MAOIs) like phenelzine. If your child is taking MAOIs stop the medication and ask your doctor to suggest a different option.
Certain people may suffer from stomach pain, fatigue, or a loss in appetite. These side effects can be severe or mild, depending on the individual. Atomoxetine has been linked with a rare but serious condition known as hepatic impairment, which can lead to liver failure. In some cases it can be fatal. It is important to consult your doctor if you have had liver problems or any other health issues in the past.
Inform your doctor about all the medicines you take such as complementary and herbal treatments. This includes prescription and over-the-counter medications, minerals and vitamins. It is crucial to let your doctor know that you are taking other medicines for ADHD such as methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine. Tell your doctor if either you or your child is pregnant, breastfeeding or is considering becoming pregnant.
Dexamfetamine
Dexamfetamine is a stimulant which is used to treat ADHD in adults. It improves concentration and focus, decrease the risk of impulsive behavior and boost mood. It is available in the form of a capsule, solution, or taken in a pill. It is essential to follow the instructions of your doctor. If you take too much or stop taking abruptly can cause problems. Avoid driving or operating machinery if you're taking this medication. You should also never carry the medication without a prescription. Always carry evidence that you received the medication. It is also recommended to carry your medication to school or work with you in the event that it's needed during the day.
Dexamfetamine must be used with caution in epilepsy patients, because it may lower the threshold for convulsions. It is not recommended for patients who have a history of blood vessel or cardiac disorders, such a coronary heart disease and high blood pressure. It is not recommended to be used during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. It is excreted into breast milk, and therefore there is a potential risk to the infant.
If symptoms of ADHD worsen, a review with the prescriber is advised. This can help determine if the condition is controlled through medication and if the medications are appropriate. This will enable the physician to change dosages or switch to alternative treatments if needed.
A doctor will start the patient with a lower dosage and gradually increase it to ensure they get the correct level of medication. It is also a good idea to take the tablets at the same time every day, and ideally with food. This will make it easier to keep track of the tablets and reduce the risk of not taking the dose.
Psychoeducation and therapy may be beneficial for those suffering from ADHD in addition to medication. This can help children and adults cope with their condition. Therapy can also help them manage additional issues, such as anxiety or depression. Psychoeducation is a combination of educational materials and the assistance of an experienced professional, while therapy can be behavioural or cognitive.
Modafinil
Modafinil is a wakefulness-promoting prescription drug that reduces extreme sleepiness that accompanies conditions such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and shift work sleep disorder. Modafinil can be used off-label by adults who are over 18 years old to treat the symptoms of ADHD. However, it's not specifically approved for this use and should only be used under the supervision of a doctor. It can only be purchased with a prescription, and should be stored in a secure area away from children. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for clarification if it is difficult to comprehend any aspect of the medication.
The NHS website describes modafinil as a central nervous system stimulant that can prevent excessive sleeping throughout the day. It is prescribed for narcolepsy, however, it is also used off-label to help people suffering from Parkinson's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis remain alert, as well as those suffering from fatigue caused by sleep apnea/hypopnea that is obstruct work. It is also a popular choice for students, executives and military personnel who have to be alert.
A recent survey of UK students revealed that one-in-five students had taken a "smart drug" to boost their concentration during exams. Jack Rivlin, 24, editor of the student newspaper The Tab in Farringdon, London, told BBC Newsbeat that he had bought modafinil on an offshore website for PS130 last year to aid in his revision.
Although he claims to not believe modafinil actually makes him smarter, he does admit that it has helped him keep up with his notes and pass his exam. inattentive adhd medication aren't magic cures and can have serious side effects.
In addition to its wakefulness-promoting effects, modafinil can increase the risk of cardiovascular problems in some patients, especially those with heart disease. Modafinil could also interact negatively with certain medications such as antidepressants or sedatives. It's also possible to become dependent on the medication and experience withdrawal symptoms if the drug is suddenly stopped.
As with atomoxetine and methylphenidate, modafinil is classified as a class B drug, which means that it's illegal to possess and supply. If you're caught, you'll face up to five years in prison.